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Can You Run a 24V Relay on 12V? Here’s What Happens?

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Importance of correct Working Voltage for a Relay – Why it affects Function and Safety?  Relay various parts and their functions. Relay animation. 

Let's see how relay functions:

Animation shows working of a relay



Parts of a typical relay:

Relay Parts

As you can see from the above animation, the coil must develop sufficient magnetic strength to overcome the spring tension of the armature that operates the contacts.

At 12V, the coil may not develop that magnetic strength. Relay might operate, but not reliably.

Also, weak spring relay contact pressure may lead to sparking and could damage it.

FAQ Set:

Q1: Why is the correct working voltage important for a relay?
The relay’s coil is designed for a specific voltage. Applying too low a voltage may prevent it from activating, while too high a voltage can overheat or damage the coil, affecting both function and safety.

Q2: How does incorrect voltage affect relay operation?

  • Low voltage: Coil may not generate enough magnetic force to close contacts.

  • High voltage: Coil may burn out, contacts may weld, and insulation may fail, creating fire or circuit hazards.

Q3: What are the main parts of a relay?

  • Coil: Generates a magnetic field when energised.

  • Armature: Moves to open or close contacts.

  • Contacts: Switch the load circuit on or off (normally open NO / normally closed NC).

  • Spring: Returns the armature to its default position.

  • Core / Frame: Supports components and guides the magnetic flux.

Q4: How do these parts work together?
When the correct voltage energises the coil, the magnetic field moves the armature, changing the state of the contacts and controlling the connected load.

Q5: What are practical tips to ensure safe relay operation?

  • Always use the rated coil voltage.

  • Include flyback diodes or snubber circuits to protect against voltage spikes.

  • Avoid exceeding relay load ratings to prevent contact damage.

Q6: Can a relay be tested without connecting the load?
Yes, energise the coil with the rated voltage and listen for a click, indicating proper armature movement.

Q7: Why is understanding relay parts important?
Knowing the function of each part helps in troubleshooting, maintenance, and designing safe control circuits.

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