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How Capacitors Smooth Voltage and Inductors Smooth Current?

How does a capacitor smoothens a voltage and how does an Inductor smoothen the current Take a large reservoir of water. Does the inlet of water increase the water level suddenly? No. Watertank analogy of a capacitor: Does the outlet of water suddenly decrease the water level? No. A capacitor is like a water tank. Inlet water is like a charging current. The outlet of water is like a discharge current. Water level is like the voltage of a capacitor. DC ripple filter: The process of how a capacitor maintains its voltage level is best explained by how a filter capacitor smoothens the DC ripple. When the incoming voltage increases, it charges to that voltage. When the incoming voltage decreases, it uses its stored energy to supply current to the load by maintaining the voltage level. As long as demand le less than supply, it comfortably maintains almost a constant level of voltage across the load. That is exactly what an overhead water tank in our home does when there is an irregular water ...

What Is a Roll of Decoupling Capacitors and How It’s Used?

Disadvantages of Using a Large Value Capacitor as a Decoupling Capacitor – Effects, Limitations, and Circuit Considerations A decoupling capacitor is not a filter capacitor. It has a definite purpose of decoupling high-frequency noise, not the ripple of the power supply. Let's not confuse it with a bypass capacitor, parallel to the emitter resistance of the ‘common emitter amplifier’, which has a higher value necessary to preserve the low-frequency response of the amplifier. What exactly does a decoupling capacitor do? A decoupling capacitor has two distinct aims. Decouple noise frequency by providing a low impedance path to the ground. This noise could be because of other circuit operations of the same circuit or due to EMI/RFI noise pickup. To provide an instant current to stabilise the voltage. This is especially necessary for the digital switching circuits that put transient (short-duration) demand on the power supply. The decoupling capacitor must be of a low ESR type, such as...

Power Factor in an Electrical Circuit Explained (Simple Guide)

What Is Power Factor in Alternating Current? Definition, Importance and Effects on Electrical Systems. Why reactive power is generated is explained.  You go to Starbucks and order a cup of Cappuccino coffee. Beer mug analogy of a Power Factor: You realise that you paid money for a full cup of coffee, but got a little less due to froth floating on top. Imagine a coffee vending machine as an ‘electricity generation’ and a ‘cup’ utility of the electricity. ‘Froth’ as reactive power and ‘coffee’ as real power (KW). The point is, due to froth, you are getting less coffee, although the coffee vending machine is capable of filling a full cup. Similarly, due to reactive power, ‘electricity generation’ becomes less efficient as its full potential is not being used. Why is reactive power generated? Where does this reactive power come from? Resistive load:  In a resistive circuit, voltage and current are in phase. Pl observe, if you multiply current by voltage on the positive side of the...

What is the Role of a Magnet in a Speaker?

What Is the Function of a Magnet in a Loudspeaker? Working Principle, Role in Sound Production, and Performance Impact The function of a loudspeaker is similar to that of a solenoid, but a solenoid has a spring to retract the plunger that is missing in a loudspeaker. A loudspeaker is nothing but a linear motor that generates ‘to and fro’ motion of the voice coil. The magnet is used to eliminate the mechanical spring because the speaker receives an AC signal, unlike a solenoid, which works on DC. Speaker as an air piston:  When AC current flows through the speaker coil, it generates alternating magnetic field poles that react with the permanent magnet used in the speaker..  Magnetic poles interaction: We know that there is attraction between opposite poles and repulsion between similar poles. Hence, the speaker's voice coil is pulled in and pushed out from its neutral position because of this interaction. What is a sound wave?  A speaker is nothing but an air piston; the d...